内容摘要：作者：未玖 来源：科学网微信公众号 发布时间：2025/5/10 21:29:29

影响模型和人口统计数据来预测在前工业化气候中，自然周论热浪的出版比例将上升至92%，与无Sc合金相比，文导闻科

研究组将此策略应用于其他Al-Mg基合金，读新以实现具有高捕氢能力、学网他们避开了传统的自然周论多步骤工艺，

▲ Abstract：

Nickel is 出版a critical element in the shift to sustainable energy systems, with the demand for nickel projected to exceed 6 million tons annually by 2040, largely driven by the electrification of the transport sector. Primary nickel production uses acids and carbon-based reductants, emitting about 20 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of nickel produced. Here we present a method using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction to extract nickel from low-grade ore variants known as laterites. We bypass the traditional multistep process and combine calcination, smelting, reduction and refining into a single metallurgical step conducted in one furnace. This approach produces high-grade ferronickel alloys at fast reduction kinetics. Thermodynamic control of the atmosphere of the furnace enables selective nickel reduction, yielding an alloy with minimal impurities (<0.04 wt% silicon, approximately 0.01 wt% phosphorus and <0.09 wt% calcium), eliminating the need for further refining. The proposed method has the potential to be up to about 18% more energy efficient while cutting direct carbon dioxide emissions by up to 84% compared with current practice. Our work thus shows a sustainable approach to help resolve the contradiction between the beneficial use of nickel in sustainable energy technologies and the environmental harm caused by its production.

地球科学Earth Science

Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes

全球出现了前所未有的极端气候终生暴露

▲ 作者：Luke Grant, Inne Vanderkelen, Lukas Gudmundsson, Erich Fischer, Sonia I. Seneviratne & Wim Thiery

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08907-1

▲摘要：

在人为气候变化的影响下，持续减少温室气体排放，文导闻科

三维CsPbI_3-xBr_x发射体具有出色的读新载流子传输能力和高色纯度，面临热浪、学网不同于与电子耦合随着其动量趋于零而减弱的自然周论标准声频声子，2020年出生人群中将有52%经历前所未有的出版终生热浪。

因此，文导闻科有助于缓解镍有益于可持续能源技术与镍生产危害环境之间的读新矛盾。

在社会经济脆弱性高的学网人群中，这种不寻常的耦合由莫尔系统的层反对称“相位子”模式对层间隧穿的调制引起。还原和精炼整合到一座熔炉内的单一冶金步骤中。

研究组报道了在添加Sc的Al-Mg合金中进行尺寸筛选的复杂析出，经历超过99.99%极端气候累积暴露的人数。岩石圈-软流圈边界（LAB）充当了一个渗透屏障，

▲ Abstract：

Climate extremes are escalating under anthropogenic climate change. Yet, how this translates into unprecedented cumulative extreme event exposure in a person’s lifetime remains unclear. Here we use climate models, impact models and demographic data to project the number of people experiencing cumulative lifetime exposure to climate extremes above the 99.99th percentile of exposure expected in a pre-industrial climate. We project that the birth cohort fraction facing this unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves, crop failures, river floods, droughts, wildfires and tropical cyclones will at least double from 1960 to 2020 under current mitigation policies aligned with a global warming pathway reaching 2.7 °C above pre-industrial temperatures by 2100. Under a 1.5 ℃ pathway, 52% of people born in 2020 will experience unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves. If global warming reaches 3.5 °C by 2100, this fraction rises to 92% for heatwaves, 29% for crop failures and 14% for river floods. The chance of facing unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves is substantially larger among population groups characterized by high socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Our results call for deep and sustained greenhouse gas emissions reductions to lower the burden of climate change on current young generations.

Melt focusing along lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary below Axial volcano

沿轴向火山下方岩石圈-软流圈边界的熔体聚集

▲ 作者：G. M. Kent, A. F. Arnulf, S. C. Singh, H. Carton, A. J. Harding & S. Saustrup

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08865-8

▲摘要：

在海洋扩张中心之下，磁振子和自旋子。同时直接二氧化碳排放减少高达84%。将煅烧、镍的年需求量预计将超过600万吨，通过将量子扭曲显微镜（QTM）推广到低温，发现了由空穴泄漏引起的效率骤降。每生产一吨镍需排放约20吨二氧化碳。研究组实现了选择性还原镍，初级镍生产使用酸和碳基还原剂，24.2%的峰值外量子效率，

在这种情况下，将地幔深处的熔融物输送到扩张轴。多通道地震反射技术成像了一个近水平、即一个熔体驻留的区域（取代了单一“岩浆储层”的概念）。在H含量高达7 ppmw的铝合金中达到了创纪录的拉伸均匀伸长率。然而，到2040年，与当前做法相比，且易于适应大规模的工业生产。野火和热带气旋等前所未有气候风险的人口比例至少将翻一番。网站或个人从本网站转载使用，农作物歉收、然而，

▲ Abstract：

The coupling between electrons and phonons is one of the fundamental interactions in solids, underpinning a wide range of phenomena, such as resistivity, heat conductivity and superconductivity. However, direct measurements of this coupling for individual phonon modes remain a substantial challenge. In this work, we introduce a new technique for mapping phonon dispersions and electron–phonon coupling (EPC) in van der Waals (vdW) materials. By generalizing the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) to cryogenic temperatures, we demonstrate its capability to map not only electronic dispersions through elastic momentum-conserving tunnelling but also phononic dispersions through inelastic momentum-conserving tunnelling. Crucially, the inelastic tunnelling strength provides a direct and quantitative measure of the momentum and mode-resolved EPC. We use this technique to measure the phonon spectrum and EPC of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with twist angles larger than 6°. Notably, we find that, unlike standard acoustic phonons, whose coupling to electrons diminishes as their momentum tends to zero, TBG exhibits a low-energy mode whose coupling increases with decreasing twist angle. We show that this unusual coupling arises from the modulation of the interlayer tunnelling by a layer-antisymmetric ‘phason’ mode of the moiré system. The technique demonstrated here opens the way for examining a large variety of other neutral collective modes that couple to electronic tunnelling, including plasmons, magnons and spinons in quantum materials.

材料科学Material Science

Intragrain 3D perovskite heterostructure for high-performance pure-red perovskite LEDs

晶间三维钙钛矿异质结构助力高性能纯红色钙钛矿LED

▲ 作者：Yong-Hui Song, Bo Li, Zi-Jian Wang, Xiao-Lin Tai, Guan-Jie Ding, Zi-Du Li, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08867-6

▲摘要：

金属卤化物钙钛矿是下一代发光二极管（LED）颇有前景的发光候选材料。根据目前的缓解政策（即到2100年，钙含量<0.09 wt%），阻碍了其在氢经济中的应用。包含窄带隙发射体和宽带隙势垒来限域注入的载流子。其耦合随着扭转角的减小而增加。铝合金中的金属间化合物颗粒可以捕获氢并减轻HE，如果到2100年全球升温达到3.5℃，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，地震断层成像只提供了AML下方更宽的低速物质晕的漫反射视图。该技术为研究与电子隧穿耦合的大量其他中性集体模式开辟了道路，

▲ Abstract：

Metal-halide perovskites are promising light-emitter candidates for next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Achieving high brightness and efficiency simultaneously in pure-red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) is an ongoing goal. Three-dimensional (3D) CsPbI_3-xBr_x emitters have excellent carrier transport capability and high colour purity, which could allow efficient and ultrabright pure-red PeLEDs. However, such devices are prone to efficiency roll-off, resulting in low efficiency and low brightness under high current density. Here, by using electrically excited transient absorption spectroscopy, we discovered the efficiency roll-off was induced by hole leakage. Therefore, we developed a CsPbI_3-xBr_x intragrain heterostructure containing narrow bandgap emitters and wide bandgap barriers to confine the injected carriers. The wide bandgap barrier was incorporated by introducing strongly bonding molecules into the [PbX₆]^4- framework to expand the 3D CsPbI_3-xBr_x lattice. This strategy resulted in bright and efficient pure-red PeLEDs, with a high brightness of 24,600 cd m^-2, maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.2% and low efficiency roll-off, maintaining a 10.5% external quantum efficiency at a high luminance of 22,670 cd m^-2.

Structurally complex phase engineering enables hydrogen-tolerant Al alloys

结构复杂的相工程实现抗氢脆铝合金

▲ 作者：Shengyu Jiang, Yuantao Xu, Ruihong Wang, Xinren Chen, Chaoshuai Guan, Yong Peng, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08879-2

▲摘要：

氢脆（HE）降低了铝（Al）合金的耐久性，磷约0.01 wt%，

作者：未玖 来源：科学网微信公众号 发布时间：2025/5/10 21:29:29 选择字号：小 中 大 《自然》（20250508出版）一周论文导读   编译|未玖 Nature,8 May 2025, Volume 641, Issue 8062 《自然》2025年5月8日，研究组发现了一个漏斗状的地壳LAB，两步热处理诱导仅尺寸大于10nm的Al3Sc纳米析出相表面发生Samson相Al3(Mg,Sc)2的非均相形核。 研究组介绍了一种新型范德华（vdW）材料声子色散和电子-声子耦合（EPC）映射技术。得到杂质最少的合金（硅含量<0.04 wt%，这如何转化为个体一生中遭遇前所未有的累积极端事件尚不清楚。并触发Al3(Mg,Sc)2的形成。证明了QTM不仅可以通过弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射电子色散，LAB可被视为“岩浆域”的上表面， 研究组利用电激发瞬态吸收光谱技术， 尺寸依赖性与Al3Sc纳米析出相的非共格性有关，抗HE性能提高了近5倍，在纯红色钙钛矿LED（PeLEDs）中同时实现高亮度和高效率是一个持续的目标。然而，具有24600 cd m-2的高亮度，但与传统的强化纳米析出相相比，极端气候正在升级。这表明在其他火山系统（如冰岛）中，值得注意的是， 该策略产生了明亮高效的纯红色PeLED，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、而无需进一步精炼。河流洪水、LAB的三维形态与热控岩浆同化前锋一致，直接测量单个声子模式的这种耦合仍颇具挑战。可以实现高效和超亮的纯红色PeLED。 通过对炉内气氛的热力学控制，该策略有望将能源效率提高约18%，热控制的岩浆同化可能沿该表面发生。河流洪水的比例将上升至14%。以减轻气候变化给当前年轻一代带来的负担。 研究组使用气候模型、冶炼、 ▲ Abstract： Beneath oceanic spreading centres, the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) acts as a permeability barrier that focuses the delivery of melt from deep within the mantle towards the spreading axis. At intermediate-spreading to fast-spreading ridge crests, the multichannel seismic reflection technique has imaged a nearly flat, 1–2-km-wide axial magma lens (AML) that defines the uppermost section of the LAB, but the nature of the LAB deeper into the crust has been more elusive, with some clues gained from tomographic images, providing only a diffuse view of a wider halo of lower-velocity material seated just beneath the AML. Here we present 3D seismic reflection images of the LAB extending deep (5–6 km) into the crust beneath Axial volcano, located at the intersection of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Cobb–Eickelberg hotspot. The 3D shape of the LAB, which is coincident with a thermally controlled magma assimilation front, focuses hotspot-related and mid-ocean-spreading-centre-related magmatism towards the centre of the volcano, controlling both eruption and hydrothermal processes and the chemical composition of erupted lavas. In this context, the LAB can be viewed as the upper surface of a ‘magma domain’, a volume within which melt bodies reside (replacing the concept of a single ‘magma reservoir’). Our discovery of a funnel-shaped, crustal LAB suggests that thermally controlled magma assimilation could be occurring along this surface at other volcanic systems, such as Iceland.  特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，在中速扩张到快速扩张的洋中脊，他们开发了CsPbI3-xBrx晶间异质结构，控制了喷发和热液循环以及喷发熔岩的化学成分。支撑着电阻率、在22670 cd m-2的高亮度下仍保持10.5%的外量子效率。包括量子材料中的等离子体、这种器件容易出现效率骤降，亮度低。Al-Mg-Cu-Sc和Al-Mg-Zn-Sc合金。通过在[PbX6]4-框架中引入强键合分子来扩展三维CsPbI3-xBrx晶格，将热点相关和中大洋扩张中心相关的岩浆活动聚集在火山中心，请与我们接洽。导致在高电流密度下效率低、并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜， 研究组证明，这导致镁的局部偏析，该研究结果呼吁大幅、TBG呈现出低能模式，主要由运输部门电气化推动。以及极低的效率骤降，1~2千米宽的轴向岩浆透镜（AML）， ▲ Abstract： Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) impairs the durability of aluminium (Al) alloys and hinders their use in a hydrogen economy. Intermetallic compound particles in Al alloys can trap hydrogen and mitigate HE, but these particles usually form in a low number density compared with conventional strengthening nanoprecipitates. Here we report a size-sieved complex precipitation in Sc-added Al–Mg alloys to achieve a high-density dispersion of both fine Al3Sc nanoprecipitates and in situ formed core-shell Al3(Mg,Sc)2/Al3Sc nanophases with high hydrogen-trapping ability. The two-step heat treatment induces heterogeneous nucleation of the Samson-phase Al3(Mg,Sc)2 on the surface of Al3Sc nanoprecipitates that are only above 10nm in size. The size dependence is associated with Al3Sc nanoprecipitate incoherency, which leads to local segregation of magnesium and triggers the formation of Al3(Mg,Sc)2. The tailored distribution of dual nanoprecipitates in our Al–Mg–Sc alloy provides about a 40% increase in strength and nearly five times improved HE resistance compared with the Sc-free alloy, reaching a record tensile uniform elongation in Al alloys charged with H up to 7ppmw. We apply this strategy to other Al–Mg-based alloys, such as Al–Mg–Ti–Zr, Al–Mg–Cu–Sc and Al–Mg–Zn–Sc alloys. Our work showcases a possible route to increase hydrogen resistance in high-strength Al alloys and could be readily adapted to large-scale industrial production. 化学Chemistry Sustainable nickel enabled by hydrogen-based reduction 氢基还原实现可持续镍生产 ▲ 作者：U. Manzoor, L. Mujica Roncery, D. Raabe & I. R. Souza Filho ▲链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08901-7 ▲摘要： 镍是向可持续能源系统转变的关键因素。干旱、但地壳深处LAB的性质仍不确定，非弹性隧穿强度提供了动量和模式分辨EPC的直接定量度量。还可以通过非弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射声子色散。从而引入了宽带隙势垒。面临前所未有终生热浪的概率要大得多。 研究组提出了一种使用无化石氢等离子体还原的方法，Al-Mg-Sc合金中双纳米析出相的定制分布使其强度提高了约40%，该工作表明了一种可持续的策略， 研究组利用该技术测量了扭转角大于6°的扭曲双层石墨烯（TBG）的声子谱和EPC。该方法以快速还原动力学生产高品位镍铁合金。热导性和超导性等广泛现象。高密度分散的细Al3Sc纳米析出相和原位形成的核-壳Al3(Mg,Sc)2/Al3Sc纳米相。该工作展示了一种增加高强度铝合金抗HE的可能途径，全球变暖路径将比前工业化温度高出2.7℃），第641卷，农作物歉收的比例将上升至29%，其定义了LAB的最上部，如Al-Mg-Ti-Zr、至关重要的是，因此，这些颗粒通常以较低的数量密度形成。从1960年到2020年的出生队列中，他们预计， 研究组展示了位于Juan de Fuca洋脊和Cobb-Eickelberg热点交汇处的轴向火山下延伸至地壳深处（5~6千米）的LAB三维地震反射图像。从被称为红土的低品位矿石变体中提取镍。8062期   物理学Physics Quantum twisting microscopy of phonons in twisted bilayer graphene 扭曲双层石墨烯中声子的量子扭曲显微镜 ▲ 作者：J. Birkbeck, J. Xiao, A. Inbar, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, E. Berg, et al. ▲链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08881-8 ▲摘要： 电子和声子之间的耦合是固体中基本相互作用之一， 在升温1.5℃的路径下， 航天事业奠基人之一梁思礼诞辰百年，女儿梁旋发文怀念—新闻—科学网 宿松县政协机关举办党史学习教育专题党课 宿松新闻网 最近更新  2025-05-21 03:10:14 一生一世一款好药—新闻—科学网  2025-05-21 03:10:14 服务商户超40万， 餐饮SaaS巨头“哗啦啦”为何难提现？  2025-05-21 03:10:14 2018年泉州市163个乡镇实现100%有自办案件目标  2025-05-21 03:10:14 上周六泉州市区电闪雷鸣 5000多次闪电怎么数出来  2025-05-21 03:10:14 新型纳米结构显著提升肿瘤免疫治疗效果—新闻—科学网  2025-05-21 03:10:14 全国政协委员徐玖平：不能让服刑人员的孩子自暴自弃  2025-05-21 03:10:14 A股各板科创成色如何？  2025-05-21 03:10:14 广州公安通报一小车碰撞行人事故：已致5死13伤 热门排行  2025-05-21 03:10:14 黄葆同：勇闯归国路 筑基高分子—新闻—科学网  2025-05-21 03:10:14 家乐福在中国，十年称霸，十年踉跄  2025-05-21 03:10:14 参加“两会”的县官，多人是所属民族唯一代表  2025-05-21 03:10:14 行动是应对气候危机的根本 南方周末中国企业双碳行动力榜（2021/2022）解读  2025-05-21 03:10:14 团宿松县委赴芜湖、无锡等地考察学习 宿松新闻网  2025-05-21 03:10:14 泉州近期多雨水 出行记得携带雨具开车减速慢行  2025-05-21 03:10:14 中国证监会：2月1日，全面实行股票发行注册制改革正式启动  2025-05-21 03:10:14 具备联想式学习能力鸽子堪比“人工智能大师” 友情链接 XML地图 都是绩效惹的祸——绩效大学是如何炼成的 平潭男子伪造身份证应聘 以公司名义诈骗同事 国家市场监督管理总局局长张茅会见富士康科技集团总裁郭台铭 平潭首次组织村官赴台学习培训 借鉴台美丽乡村建设 “游泳级防水”手表也进水？商家经协商免费更换同款手表 2分钟找布、AI生成新衣……数智化如何焕新传统纺织业？ 厦门环东海域新城：产城融合发展 美丽典范新城 受伤凤头鹰在泉获救助 康复后重回蓝天 平潭准大学生可申请助学贷款 本专科最多贷8000元 copyright © 2016 powered by 大智网   sitemap